The right column in Figure 6 indicates the commercial maturity of the technology, where additional aspects are the development and production cost. Multiband booster is one such method. It's now time to fully exploit the concept. Safaricom has chosen Ericsson (NASDAQ: ERIC) to supply microwave solutions based on the E-band platform to achieve multi Gbps backhaul capacity for mobile broadband nationwide coverage in Kenya. Figure 2: Evolution of microwave backhaul technology. Beyond 100GHz, spectrum has been allocated for fixed service systems up to 275GHz [1], but no channel arrangements have been made. Huawei continued to hold the largest share of the Microwave Transmission market, garnering nearly 30 percent share in 4Q19. As hop distances fall, the use of higher frequency bands rises. Found insideThe microwave economic case is, however, dependent on the link budget including ... The system gain for a commercial backhaul radio will be of the order of ... Found insideEricsson (2011) Microwave Capacity Evolution-New Technologies and Additional Frequencies. ... Donegan, M. (2008) T-Mobile Busts the Backhaul Bottleneck. The multiband booster is an excellent tool for upgrading the capacity of microwave backhaul networks up to tenfold. In early 2011, Ericsson demonstrated the world's first microwave MIMO (multiple-input, multiple-output) system and an E-band system supporting speeds of 5 Gbps . The beauty of the multiband booster concept lies in the fact that it uses radio-link bonding to aggregate carriers in different frequency bands, enabling the full spectrum potential to be unleashed. Found inside – Page 8... microwave radio backhaul network to expand network capacity and coverage. ... (Batelco) and Swedish technology giant Ericsson have signed a contract to ... The backhaul capacity needed per base station differs substantially, depending on target data rates and population density. Ericsson has released its latest Microwave Backhaul report, with some interesting predictions and proposals for microwave backhaul. Point-To-Multipoint Microwave Backhaul Systems Market expected to grow at a CAGR of 8% between 2021 and 2027.This research report is helpful for both established businesses as well as startups in the Market . Figure 8 shows the measured bit error rate (BER) versus received signal power for a 125MHz channel at 143GHz. Please Login or Register for Free to access the full report. The solution - MINI-LINK 6352 - offers key advantages such as high capacity, efficient use of spectrum, low-energy consumption and simplified operations and maintenance. Higher capacities are facilitated by wider channels, but national spectrum administrations commonly limit the maximum allowed channel size to secure a fair division among different users. Inset shows measured constellation diagram at 4GBaud and 16QAM modulation for in total 16Gbps. is an expert in microwave technology at Ericsson whose work focuses on microwave point-to-point communication for the MINI-LINK system. CSCO), Ericsson (NASDAQ: ERIC), and Skyworks Solutions (NASDAQ: SWKS). Authors: Jonas Edstam, Jonas Hansryd, Sona Carpenter, Thomas Emanuelsson, Yinggang Li, Herbert Zirath, BER – bit error rateBPSK – binary phase shift keyingCMOS – complementary metal-oxide-semiconductorDHBT – double heterojunction bipolar transistorGaAs – gallium arsenideGaN – gallium nitrideHBT – heterojunction bipolar transistorHEMT – high electron mobility transistorInP – indium phosphideITU-R – International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication SectorLOS – line-of-sightmHEMT – metamorphic high electron mobility transistorMIMO – multiple-input, multiple-outputMMIC – monolithic microwave integrated circuitMOSFET – metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistorNFmin – minimum noise figurepHEMT – pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistorQAM – quadrature amplitude modulationSOI – silicon on insulatorSiGe – silicon-germanium. There are today a few commercial technologies available for beyond 100GHz applications and several more are being researched for even higher performance, as shown in Figure 6. Ericsson provides such solutions by combining its optical and microwave products. The aim is to open up spectrum beyond 100GHz frequencies for up toward 100Gbps capacity to support different applications and use cases with hop distances of up to a few kilometers. In its report, Ericsson said the performance of microwave backhaul has evolved continuously with new and enhanced technologies and features that make even better use of available spectrum. Clearly such biased usage is inefficient, and a significant amount of valuable spectrum remains untapped. Figure 6 shows the relative amount of single-band microwave hops in global operation today in the 6-15GHz, 18-42GHz, and 70/80GHz frequency ranges (see also Figure 1). Bonding not only enhances peak capacity, it also increases effective throughput by using statistical multiplexing. Found inside – Page 23Microwave links ( like Ericsson's MiniLink product family [ 4 ... The chance for interference in the backhaul microwave network will also increase and that ... His current focus is on the strategic evolution of mobile networks and wireless backhaul to 5G. Microwave backhaul performance is, for the most part, determined by the propagation properties of different frequencies. She is currently working toward a Ph.D. at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. Found inside – Page 8Ericsson unveils OMS 1400 Ericsson unveiled its new Marconi OMS 1400 Optical ... with dexterous backhaul connectivity that can be TDM or Ethernet based. Ericsson has partnered with Deutsche Telekom and Cosmote to trial and test an answer to the challenge - using W-band as 5G backhaul spectrum. Introducing and allowing wider channels in less deployed areas would further encourage the use of multiband solutions. Found inside... for nationwide coverage with one network, one technology, and one service offering, Ericsson review. ... Dragonwave microwave backhaul solutions (2008) ... Found inside – Page 9-22A mutually beneficial cooperative effort between LMGT and Ericsson (a worldclass supplier of mobile communication equipment), assured the definition of ... The small antenna footprints at these high frequencies could enable new compact radio concepts, as illustrated to the right in Figure 9. 9, E-Band and V-Band - Survey on status of worldwide regulations, A Highly Integrated Chipset for 40 Gbps Wireless D-Band Communication Based on a 250 nm InP DHBT Technology, Abstract, Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems, Fixed Radio Systems - Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas, Non-line-of-sight microwave backhaul for small cells, 6-15GHz bands with an average of 750MHz per band, 18-42GHz bands with an average of 2.2GHz per band. Other important material properties are the minimum noise figure (NFmin) and the breakdown voltage (Vbr), which determine receiver sensitivity and maximum transmitted power, respectively. MetroPCS Communications, Inc., the fifth largest facilities-based broadband mobile wireless carrier in the United States based on number of subscribers served, has selected Ericsson (NASDAQ:ERIC, news, filings) to provide microwave backhaul equipment.Ericsson is already a key infrastructure provider for the company's networks, including its 4G LTE network, and the microwave agreement expands . These deliver a massive improvement in the performance levels of microwave backhaul, while at the same time accelerating the important shift toward the use of higher frequency bands. Denser networks, increasing performance needs, and new efficient technologies, such as multiband booster, will all lead to a dramatic increase in the use of the 70/80GHz band, as well as a large increase in the use of bands in the 18-42GHz range. And while this company's market share held fast, vendors beneath it such as Ericsson and NEC lost some footing due to lower sales into India. Found insideThe mobile backhaulmarket was worth approximately US$6.84 billion globally in ... by 2014.13 Ericsson was the leader inthe entire mobile backhaul equipment ... It is important for spectrum regulations beyond 100GHz to enable emerging and future innovations that can support capacities on the road toward 100Gbps. Microwave backhaul plays an important role in providing a good user experience and overall network performance. Found inside – Page 29[27] The Core Network for LTE,” Ericsson Austria GmbH, 2008, 3G4G Wireless ... WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a communication ... The top findings of the Point-to-multipoint Microwave Backhaul System market report: A critical analysis of the regional terrain of the Point-to-multipoint Microwave Backhaul System market: The report classifies each region based on their dominance, while categorizing the same into United States, China, Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia & India. According to Ericsson's Microwave Outlook Report 2020, a total of 62 percent of backhaul connections globally are expected to be based on microwave by 2025. Asymmetric multiband solutions might be of interest in unpaired spectrum, rather like supplemental downlink for radio access. Like fiber transport networks, microwave backhaul has historically been designed to be symmetrical. With the buildout of LTE, the appetite for mobile broadband backhaul capacity has increased as expected, a trend that will continue with the arrival of 5G. Her research interests include the design of millimeter-wave integrated circuits and systems with a focus on millimeter-wave high-speed wireless communication. Work has now started on the longer-term use of frequencies beyond 100GHz, targeting the support of 5G evolution toward 2030. Looking at the full picture, the share of radio sites connected by microwave will continue to be high and exceed 65 percent in 2022, excluding China, Korea, Japan and Taiwan. In the longer term, it is expected to serve as a high-capacity complement to the use of other frequency bands [2], especially in urban and suburban areas, as shown in Figure 1. Between now and then, the performance of microwave backhaul will continue to improve, supporting growing capacity needs through technology evolution and more efficient use of spectrum. Lower frequencies, for example, enable radio signals to be transmitted over longer distances, and can penetrate building facades. Unfortunately, the use of spectrum is unbalanced: hotspots occur in bands that are heavily used, while there are large geographical areas with untapped spectrum in all frequency bands. 64, no.4, April 2016, A D-Band 48Gbit/s 64QAM/QPSK Direct-Conversion I/Q Transceiver Chipset, available at: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Barcelona, 2010, Long term path attenuation measurement of the 71-76GHz band in a 70/80GHz microwave link, available at. He received his M.Sc. Share via: In a joint field trial involving Ericsson, Greek operator Cosmote and Deutsche Telekom's Mobile Backhaul Service Center, engineers determined that frequency bands beyond 100 GHz, such as W- band . Looking to the future, industry has an interest in the use of frequencies above 100GHz, as they will enable capacities in the 40Gbps range over hop distances of about a kilometer [2]. The industry is also working on solutions for the next decade supporting towards 100Gbps using new frequency bands and innovative technologies. In light of this, we expect to see the large-scale deployment of beyond 100GHz solutions in 2025 to 2030. But these are being met with a host of advances in microwave technology, additional spectrum . Driven by growing communication needs, ever higher frequencies have been taken into use since the middle of the last century when the use of frequencies of just a few GHz was the norm for microwave transmission networks. The allowed space and weight for equipment is limited. According to Ericsson's Microwave Outlook Report 2020, a total of 62 percent of backhaul connections globally are expected to be based on microwave by 2025. As a finite natural resource, radio spectrum is governed by national, regional and international regulations to ensure that social and economic benefits are maximized. The ceaseless quest to provide higher data-carrying capacities has led to the use of ever higher frequencies where more spectrum is generally available. Today, the use of higher frequency bands is limited to shorter hop lengths, which tend to be most common in urban environments. Technology evolution, increased mobility, and massive digitalization continue to place ever more demanding performance requirements on networks – a trend that shows no signs of leveling off. Found inside – Page 208Fixed wireless can also make use of microwave backhaul rather than DSL or fiber ... In 2020 , Australian provider Telstra teamed up with Ericsson to extend ... Throughout his career, he has fulfilled various roles, working on a wide range of topics including detailed microwave technology and system design. In trials conducted at Deutsche Telekom's Mobile Backhaul Service Center, located at the . E-band spectrum is the key to supporting microwave and meeting increased capacity requirements for both backhaul and fronthaul. Global Mobile Backhaul Market By Application/End-User (Value and Volume from 2021 to 2026) : Test and Measurement Equipment, Millimeter Equipment, Microwave equipment & Sub-6 GHz Equipment Market By Type (Value and Volume from 2021 to 2026) : , Professional Services, Network Services & System Integration Services The authors would like to acknowledge the support and inspiration they received from their colleagues Mingquan Bao, Björn Bäckemo, Simon He, Johan Jonsson, Magnus Johnsson, Git Sellin, Martin Sjödin, Per-Arne Thorsén and Vessen Vassilev. More advanced solutions using dual polarization – and even LOS MIMO – would enhance capacity but they also add cost. Point-to-Multipoint Microwave Backhaul Systems Market Growth 2020-2027 is the latest updated report announced by Oneup Business Insights which is a complete research study on the market, which attempts to provide a clear picture of the key factors that shape this market.. Examples are given for a moderate climate, with a rain zone of about 60mm per hour (which is typical for places like Mexico). As capacity needs have grown, the use of spectrum has shifted. "All its enhanced capabilities are now coming into play as 5G is switched on at an incredible pace - with subscriptions expected to reach 580 million by end-2021. The reason even wider continuous spectrum is not made available is to prevent interference with passive radiocommunication services such as the Earth Exploration-Satellite Service and the Radio Astronomy Service. As networks become denser, and performance needs grow, new efficient technologies, like the multiband booster, will dramatically increase the use of the 70/80GHz band, as well as the bands in the 18-42GHz range. Insights into mobile backhaul, spectrum use and more. Found insideAvailable at https://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2015/microwave2020-report.pdf (accessed July 18, 2017). Microwave Backhaul, Ericsson Technology Review, 93, ... Found insideThis book is recommended for researchers and professionals in the field and may be used as a reference book on broadband communication networks as well as on practical uses of wired/wireless broadband communications. The maximum channel size is typically limited to about 10 percent of the total band. At the Ericsson Blog, we provide insight to make complex ideas on technology, innovation and business simple. Found inside – Page 204In 2010, Ericsson demonstrated a microwave radio connection with a capacity of ... for point-to-point backhaul and last-mile line-of-sight communications, ... As rain attenuation and free-space losses increase with frequency, the achievable hop distance at higher frequencies is limited. Ericsson Technology Review - Microwave backhaul gets a boost with multiband 1. This does not add any spectrum efficiency, but might provide for better performance than that enabled by TDD in unpaired spectrum. Ericsson Microwave Systems Research Manager Jonas Hansryd says: "Two years ago, Ericsson and . While the 70/80 GHz bands are available for backhaul today, current Commission rules limit flexibility and efficiency, and the same is true of the 90 GHz band. In 2020, 65 percent of all cell sites will be connected by microwave solutions; markets such as China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan that have existing deep fiber investments will be the exception. I have worked with microwave backhaul since the mid-1990s, and it has been a privilege and an amazing journey. The performance of microwave backhaul has evolved continuously with new and enhanced technologies and features that make ever better use of available spectrum2, 7, 8. A number of years ago, we documented the benefits of adapting multiband for microwave backhaul in a previous article7. And how can a holistic view enable more efficient use of diverse backhaul spectrum assets. GaN is in the future expected to demonstrate even higher output power due to the materials high breakdown voltage. The oxygen absorption peak, which occurs at around 60GHz, severely limits hop distance – this phenomenon is clearly illustrated by the dip in the curve. Since then, adaptive modulation has been introduced for packet transport: a technique that is now well established, and supports extreme order modulation with up to 4096 QAM. Increasing the spectral efficiency of a link can be achieved by using higher-order modulation, but this comes at the cost of increased sensitivity to interference – which may in turn limit the use of more extreme order modulation in local hotspots. By 2020, 65 percent of all cell sites (excluding those in Northeast Asia) will be connected to the rest of the network using microwave backhaul technology2. Ericsson and Deutsche Telekom have worked together on wireless backhaul networks previously, and two years ago, achieved a data transmission rate by consistently topping 100 Gbps in a trial microwave link over 1.5km. Is there a spectrum shortage? Each of the examples is for configurations supporting the 10 to 100Gbps examples in Figure 4, which all have similar system gains. Since its introduction, the technology has evolved continuously, supporting ever-higher capacities and more flexible carrier combinations. 1, 2005, Lattice array receiver and sender for spatially orthonormal MIMO communication, available at: IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, vol. Backhaul frequency bands can be roughly categorized into three frequency ranges: Figure 3: Achievable distances with high-capacity microwave backhaul. Driven by growing communication needs, ever higher frequencies have been taken into use over the past few decades. The three main transistor technology classes are HBT, HEMT, and MOSFET [12], where MOSFET is typically implemented in SOI CMOS for high frequency operation. Germany-based operator Deutsche Telekom (DT) and Ericsson have conducted a "landmark" data transmission trial, achieving over 100 Gbps consistently through a microwave link over 1.5 km, the . The modules supported up to 5GHz channels and the inset in Figure 8 shows the measured error-free constellation for a symbol rate of 4GBaud using 16QAM for in total 16Gbps [15]. According to Ericsson's Microwave Outlook Report 2020, a total of 62 percent of backhaul connections globally are expected to be based on microwave by 2025. You seem to be using an old web browser. You seem to be using an old web browser. However, the small spatial antenna separation required for LOS MIMO in the D band makes it interesting on the road toward 100Gbps capacity. For example, use of the 70/80GHz band is growing significantly, and if the growth curve continues, will account for 20 percent of new deployments by 20202. Planning and dimensioning of microwave links need to be carried out using recommended propagation prediction methods and long-term statistics, to ensure that targeted service availability (the ratio of actual service provided to the targeted service level, measured over 365 days, and expressed as a percentage) can be secured9. Multiband solutions, which enable enhanced data rates by combining resources in multiple frequency bands, already constitute an essential part of modern radio access systems. Found inside... to as wireless backhaul, using frequencies such as 23, 38 and 71 to 76 GHz). ... Scandinavia (which is why Nokia and Ericsson became leaders in the ... How different microwave backhaul frequency ranges can be used is to a large extent determined by propagation properties [9]. A separation of 70-80 percent of the optimal value is possible, with only a limited decrease in system gain [9]. Ericsson asks the Commission to act swiftly to enhance backhaul opportunities in the 70/80/90 GHz bands. Ericsson and Deutsche Telekom hit 40Gbps wireless backhaul speeds. Microwave backhaul technology is now able to support 10 Gbps, and it's well prepared to support the evolution of LTE and introduction of 5G networks, according a white paper published by Ericsson. Backhaul of broadband access over microwave, close to the end user, is a proven cost-effective solution. The 10-6 BER threshold of -63dBm for 4QAM (in Figure 8) indicates that these early transmitter and receiver modules add a penalty of more than 8dB to the receiver sensitivity. ITU, 2016, Radio Regulations, part 1 chapter II article 5 (Frequency allocations) and part 3 resolution 767 (Studies towards an identification for use by administrations for land-mobile and fixed services applications operating in the frequency range 275-450GHz), available at: Ericsson, October 2016, Ericsson Microwave Outlook report 2016, available at: Ericsson Technology Review, January 2016, Microwave backhaul gets a boost with multiband, available at: Ericsson Review, June 2011, Microwave capacity evolution, available at: CEPT ECC WG SE19, Work items SE19_37 and SE19_38, more information can be found at: ETSI mWT ISG, Work item DGS/mWT-008, more information can be found at: ITU-R, 2012, Recommendation F.746, Radio-frequency arrangements for fixed service systems, available at: ITU-R, 2015, Recommendation P.530, Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems, available at: ECC Report 258, 2017, Guidelines on how to plan LOS MIMO for Point-to-Point Fixed Service Links, available at: ECC Report 211, 2014, Technical assessment of the possible use of asymmetrical point-to-point links, available at: 2005 IEEE 61st Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. The latest study on the Point-to-Multipoint Microwave Backhaul Systems Market helps companies gain a competitive advantage in the industry by examining critical factors for market expansion.It explains the main global developments, dominant tactics, and perspectives in order to design effective business plans. Today, microwave backhaul can provide fiber-like multi-gigabit capacity – even in locations where there is no direct line-of-sight11. 1.5.1 Global Microwave Backhaul System Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 1.5.2 North America Microwave Backhaul System Estimates and . Used to boost capacity and spectral efficiency, line-of-sight (LOS) multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) is an innovation that initially gained interest [4, 9], but has waned lately on account the more attractive multiband solutions. InP supports very high frequencies, albeit at a high material cost. The importance of these types of solutions for mobile communication will rise as 5G evolves and 5G becomes a reality. The maximum hop length versus total system gain for differing levels of availability and local climate conditions at 155GHz is shown in Figure 5. Per Narvinger, Head of Product Area Networks, Ericsson, said: "Microwave continues to be a key . Verizon, Ericsson show off Integrated Access Backhaul in mmWave 5G. However, with changing tides, we have witnessed a more fluid market as of late. The latest trial took place at DT's Mobile Backhaul Service Center at Cosmote's headquarters in Athens, and . However, between the peaks, the attenuation increases quite slowly beyond 70GHz. E-band spectrum is the key to supporting microwave and meeting increased capacity requirements for both backhaul and fronthaul. To experience www.ericsson.com in the best way, please upgrade to another browser e.g., Edge Chromium, Google Chrome or Firefox. Quick digest of Ericsson's Microwave Backhaul report. Combining different frequency bands makes it possible to get more out of available spectrum, and so help networks meet the performance and availability requirements of future services. Regardless of the situation, operators want to . Microwave backhaul technology has evolved tremendously in recent decades, repeatedly exceeding capacity limits and reaching performance levels only believed possible for fiber solutions. E-band spectrum is the key to supporting microwave and meeting increased capacity requirements for both backhaul and fronthaul. There is also considerable interest in silicon chipsets, based on CMOS or SiGe-HBT, due to their lower production cost per chip in high volumes and high integration density. There are, however, many different aspects to spectrum efficiency, and the level that can be achieved directly depends on the local deployment density and topology of microwave hops. Radio-link bonding is a well-established method for microwave backhaul, enabling multiple radio carriers to be aggregated into a single virtual one [7] – somewhat similar to carrier aggregation in radio access. The Verizon/ Ericsson trial used Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) technology, which Verizon said last year would be a key tool to expanding its emerging (pre-standard) 5G mobile network.. Verizon IAB uses airlink (aka cellular) connections over mmWave spectrum instead of fiber for part of the wireless signals journey from the user to the (4G or 5G) core of the network. Even wider channels up to about 5GHz (20 x 250MHz) might be obtainable in the D band, enabling solutions supporting 20Gbps, 40Gbps and even up to 100Gbps in the longer term, as indicated by the diamonds in Figure 4. Global Mobile and Wireless Backhaul Market (2021 to 2029) - Featuring Ericsson, Huawei Technologies and Nokia Among Others - ResearchAndMarkets.com August 30, 2021 09:39 AM Eastern Daylight Time Packet-based solutions provide scalable, cost-effective transport capacity for the backhaul. The 20, 50 and 100mm/h rain rates, exceeded for 0.01 percent of time per year, are representative for mild, moderate and severe local climate conditions. Ericsson has been researching technology for high-capacity radios above the 70/80 GHz band for more than a decade. "The Microwave Transmission market is recovering from the decline caused by the spread of COVID-19 as evidenced by the strong growth in the first half of 2021," stated Jimmy Yu, Vice President at Dell'Oro Group. The three set out to test bands beyond 100GHz, such as W-band, for multi-gigabit wireless backhaul capacities for 5G and 6G. Attenuation due to atmospheric gases and rain [8] increases with frequency and there are also several absorption peaks, as illustrated in Figure 2. Multiband solutions are essential for mobile systems, as they enable diverse spectrum assets to be used efficiently. The hop lengths in the D band are thus well suited for urban and suburban deployments. Overall, mobile network backhaul will continue to evolve globally with a mix of fiber and microwave, driven by two major trends: the introduction of 5G by advanced mobile broadband operators and the expansion of LTE networks by most other operators. The concept can be applied to advantage in all geographical areas, although different frequency bands are appropriate depending on the desired hop distance. The Verizon/ Ericsson trial used Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) technology, which Verizon said last year would be a key tool to expanding its emerging (pre-standard) 5G mobile network.. Verizon IAB uses airlink (aka cellular) connections over mmWave spectrum instead of fiber for part of the wireless signals journey from the user to the (4G or 5G) core of the network. Originally, microwave supported PDH and SDH transport using fixed modulation designed for a service availability of up to 99.999 percent (five-nines availability), which allows for five minutes of total outage in a year. SOLVANG, California - Verizon and Ericsson recently completed a proof-of-concept trial using new Integrated Access Backhaul . Research has been published on power amplifiers in GaAs, InP and SiGe technologies delivering more than 10dBm of output power beyond 100GHz [13-15]. Communication will rise as 5G evolves and 5G becomes a reality, at. Decrease in system gain [ 9 ] been a privilege and an amazing journey dependent on the longer-term of... Experience and overall network performance solutions ( NASDAQ: ERIC ), and service!, he has fulfilled various roles, working on a wide range topics... The peaks, the attenuation increases quite slowly beyond 70GHz out to test bands beyond solutions... Be applied to advantage in all geographical areas, although different frequency bands rises new compact radio concepts as... 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X27 ; s mobile backhaul, spectrum use and more flexible carrier.... More than a decade enabled by TDD in unpaired spectrum teamed up with Ericsson extend. With Deutsche Telekom & # x27 ; s mobile backhaul, spectrum use more. Statistical multiplexing one technology, where ericsson microwave backhaul aspects are the development and production cost no...
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